Ultracentrifuge
An ultracentrifuge generates extremely high centrifugal forces (often exceeding 100,000 × g) to separate particles by size and density that ordinary centrifuges cannot resolve. It is essential for isolating subcellular components, purifying viruses and extracellular vesicles (exosomes), separating macromolecules, and performing density-gradient separations.
The instrument operates under refrigeration and vacuum to maintain sample integrity at high speeds.